The Nintendo Switch encrypts almost all of its data. You cannot simply open an NCA or XCI file like a ZIP archive. The data is scrambled using a series of cryptographic keys.

Before diving into the fix, it's crucial to understand the components.

: You can set an environment variable named $HOME (on Linux) or ensure your user profile is correctly identified so hactool knows where to look for the .switch directory.

Move your keys to the default location where hactool automatically checks for them: