, the focus was on the immediate physical and mental state of the residents. The farm manager, Clara, lived by the "Five Freedoms". Her cows had plenty of room to turn around, groom themselves, and stretch their limbs without difficulty. She ensured their nutrition was precise and their environments were stimulating, following the "Five Domains" model to promote positive mental states like pleasure and anticipation. To Clara, humans had a "direct duty" to ensure animals were treated humanely throughout their lives and given a painless end.
, Singer argues from the principle of "equal consideration of interests". Since animals can suffer (sentience), they have an interest in avoiding pain. His approach is about balancing these interests to reduce the total sum of suffering in the world. (The Rights/Abolitionist perspective): The Case for Animal Rights , the focus was on the immediate physical
What we cannot do is confuse the two. When a company puts a "free-range" label on a package, ask yourself: Are you celebrating the absence of a cage? Or are you celebrating the absence of exploitation? She ensured their nutrition was precise and their