External factors like power surges, ESD events, or failed OTA updates often corrupt the firmware. Unlike modern consumer devices, these industrial boards lack dual-boot protection. Once the firmware is corrupted, the only recovery method is a using a host PC.
Method B — Manual update via device menu or web UI
Before looking for firmware, check if the board is simply in "Burning Mode" or if it needs a fresh install.
References (References omitted for brevity; consult standard firmware analysis and USB protocol resources.)